unit 7b
GOING OUT
|
STAYING IN
|
Advantages
you can practice your social skills by chatting with people · you can go to events · you can go to restaurants · you can go dancing · you can start a relationship · you can meet new friends |
Disadvantages
you may go to bed very late despite having to do lots of things on Sunday · you may end up drinking too much · you may go to a place you don't really enjoy · you may stay in crowded bars · you may have a bad time having trouble starting conversations |
Advantages
· you can relax and rest · you can watch a good film · you can read a good book · you can save money · you may order a pizza or burger · you may go to bed earlier |
Disadvantages
· you can't socialise · you may end up working |
1. VOCABULARY
3. LISTENING
Macbeth
The Plot:
Macbeth is a Scottish general. He returns victorious from war when he meets three witches who predict he will be king one day.
Macbeth (encouraged by his wife, Lady Macbeth) murders Scottish King Duncan so that he can rise to power.
There were more other murders after that, and Lady Macbeth kills herself from guilt and madness.
In the end Macbeth is consumed by his own madness and killed in battle by nobleman Macduff, and Duncan's son Malcolm takes back the crown.
Macbeth is a Scottish general. He returns victorious from war when he meets three witches who predict he will be king one day.
Macbeth (encouraged by his wife, Lady Macbeth) murders Scottish King Duncan so that he can rise to power.
There were more other murders after that, and Lady Macbeth kills herself from guilt and madness.
In the end Macbeth is consumed by his own madness and killed in battle by nobleman Macduff, and Duncan's son Malcolm takes back the crown.
Sleep no more
5. GRAMMAR
Verb patterns
Remember that you studied the gerund and infinitives in the Basic 2 level: Basic 2 Unit 5A
Basic 2 Unit 5B
Remember that you studied the gerund and infinitives in the Basic 2 level: Basic 2 Unit 5A
Basic 2 Unit 5B
THE RULES OF THE INFINITIVE WITH 'TO'
BE CAREFUL
The infinitive of purpose is only used to express a positive reason. If you want to express a negative reason, you have to use: in order not to / so as not to.
Eg. We took a taxi in order not to be late.
We decided to ask for directions so as not to get lost.
We took a taxi not to be late (IS INCORRECT)
SOME VERBS + INFINITIVE
The negative infinitive is not to + verb:
Eg. Try not to be late tomorrow. / Promise not to arrive late.
Remember that there are some verbs: start, begin, and continue that can be followed either by an infinitive (with to) or a gerund with no difference in meaning.
1.
start to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
start -ing (is more common when we talk about a habit or a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
There some verbs that have a slight difference in meaning:
2.
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
remember -ing
Do you remember meeting him last year?
(= remember something after it happened)
3.
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
try -ing
Why don't you try doing yoga?
(= experiment with something)
- After adjectives. Eg. Nice to meet you / This exercise is easy to do.
- After certain verbs (See the list below)
- To say why you do something, it's called 'the infinitive of purpose'. Eg. WHy did you come to this school? To learn English.
BE CAREFUL
The infinitive of purpose is only used to express a positive reason. If you want to express a negative reason, you have to use: in order not to / so as not to.
Eg. We took a taxi in order not to be late.
We decided to ask for directions so as not to get lost.
We took a taxi not to be late (IS INCORRECT)
SOME VERBS + INFINITIVE
- DECIDE TO- We decided to go to Italy.
- FORGET TO- Don't forget to tidy your room today.
- HELP TO- He helped her to do her homework or (it could be) He helped her do her homework.
- HOPE TO- I hope to hear from you soon.
- LEARN TO- She's learning to play the guitar.
- NEED TO- Tom needs to improve his English.
- OFFER TO- He offered to help me with the painting.
- PLAN TO- My sister is planning to go on holidays soon.
- PRETEND TO- He pretended to be ill, but he wasn't.
- PROMISE TO- Mary promised to study more for her next exam.
- REMEMBER TO- Remember to bring an umbrella if you travel to London.
- START- He started to sing in the middle of the class.
- TRY TO- I'm trying to find a job, but it's difficult.
- WANT TO- I want to visit my grandmother because she's ill.
- WOULD LIKE TO- I'd like to buy a bigger house.
The negative infinitive is not to + verb:
Eg. Try not to be late tomorrow. / Promise not to arrive late.
Remember that there are some verbs: start, begin, and continue that can be followed either by an infinitive (with to) or a gerund with no difference in meaning.
1.
start to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
start -ing (is more common when we talk about a habit or a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
There some verbs that have a slight difference in meaning:
2.
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
remember -ing
Do you remember meeting him last year?
(= remember something after it happened)
3.
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
try -ing
Why don't you try doing yoga?
(= experiment with something)
verb+ -ing
The spelling rules are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
In British English it is much more common to use a gerund after like, love and hate especially when you are speaking about general likes and dislikes. (However an infinitive can be used without any real difference in meaning.), e.g. I like travelling, but would like is followed by the infinitive, e.g. I would like to travel to Italy.
When do we write the gerund (-ing)?
SOME VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE -ING
Have you finished getting dressed?
(= remember something after it happened)
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
we talk about a habit or
a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
start + to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
(= experiment with something)
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
The spelling rules are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
In British English it is much more common to use a gerund after like, love and hate especially when you are speaking about general likes and dislikes. (However an infinitive can be used without any real difference in meaning.), e.g. I like travelling, but would like is followed by the infinitive, e.g. I would like to travel to Italy.
When do we write the gerund (-ing)?
- After some verbs (See the list below)
- When we use a verb as a noun (as the subject of the sentence). Eg. Swimming is good for your health
- When we use a verb after a preposition. Eg. He's not very good at speaking French.
SOME VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE -ING
- enjoy
- finish
Have you finished getting dressed?
- go on (=continue)
- hate
- like
- love
- (don't) mind
- remember
(= remember something after it happened)
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
- spend (time)
- start + ing
we talk about a habit or
a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
start + to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
- stop
- try
(= experiment with something)
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
gerund_or_infinitive_quiz.ppt | |
File Size: | 526 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
gerunds_and_infinitives.ppt | |
File Size: | 455 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
gerunds_and_infin_2.ppt | |
File Size: | 1485 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
6. SPEAKING
What do you like doing?
- playing board games or role-play games.
- watching films or DVDs together.
- cooking and having a meal together
- getting a takeaway.
- watching sport on TV
- listening to music and chatting
- playing video games or online games.
Express your opinion by using the following expressions:
I can't stand...
I hate...
I enjoy...
I love...
I wish...
- playing board games or role-play games.
- watching films or DVDs together.
- cooking and having a meal together
- getting a takeaway.
- watching sport on TV
- listening to music and chatting
- playing video games or online games.
Express your opinion by using the following expressions:
I can't stand...
I hate...
I enjoy...
I love...
I wish...
Role-play
A You and your friend are planning to meet on Saturday evening, but you haven't decided what to do. You are quite tired as you've had a hard week. You would like to stay at home and watch a DVD together.
Plan exactly how you would like to spend the evening (which DVD, what you would have to eat and drink, whose house would you go to, etc). Try to convince your friend, give reasons.
B You and your friend are planning to meet on Saturday evening, but you haven't decided what to do. You haven't been out for ages. You would like to go out somewhere, e.g. to a show, a restaurant.
Plan exactly how you want to spend the evening (where you'd like to go and when). Try to convince your friend to agree with your plan, give reasons.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
Why don't we...?
I think we should...
It might be a good idea to...
Let's...
Maybe we could...
I'd rather not...because...
I can't stand/ I enjoy/ I love/ I hate....
A You and your friend are planning to meet on Saturday evening, but you haven't decided what to do. You are quite tired as you've had a hard week. You would like to stay at home and watch a DVD together.
Plan exactly how you would like to spend the evening (which DVD, what you would have to eat and drink, whose house would you go to, etc). Try to convince your friend, give reasons.
B You and your friend are planning to meet on Saturday evening, but you haven't decided what to do. You haven't been out for ages. You would like to go out somewhere, e.g. to a show, a restaurant.
Plan exactly how you want to spend the evening (where you'd like to go and when). Try to convince your friend to agree with your plan, give reasons.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
Why don't we...?
I think we should...
It might be a good idea to...
Let's...
Maybe we could...
I'd rather not...because...
I can't stand/ I enjoy/ I love/ I hate....