UNIT 4.1
READING
What is Barack Obama famous for?
Barack Obama is most famous for being the first African American President of the United States.
Growing Up
Barack grew up in the state of Hawaii as well as Jakarta, a city in Indonesia. His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was from Kansas while his father, Barack Obama, Sr., was born in Kenya, Africa. After his parents were divorced, his mother married a man from Indonesia and the family moved to Indonesia for a time. Later, Barack was raised by his grandparents in Hawaii. When he was a kid he went by the nickname "Barry".
Barack graduated from Columbia University in New York in 1983. After graduating, he had a few different jobs. He decided he wanted to become a lawyer and he entered Harvard Law School, graduating in 1991.
Barack Obama is most famous for being the first African American President of the United States.
Growing Up
Barack grew up in the state of Hawaii as well as Jakarta, a city in Indonesia. His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was from Kansas while his father, Barack Obama, Sr., was born in Kenya, Africa. After his parents were divorced, his mother married a man from Indonesia and the family moved to Indonesia for a time. Later, Barack was raised by his grandparents in Hawaii. When he was a kid he went by the nickname "Barry".
Barack graduated from Columbia University in New York in 1983. After graduating, he had a few different jobs. He decided he wanted to become a lawyer and he entered Harvard Law School, graduating in 1991.
GRAMMAR
Present Simple he, she, it + and -
Verbs name an action or describe a state of being. Every sentence must have a verb. There are three basic types of verbs:
1. Action verbs:
tell what the subject does. The action can be visible (jump, walk, laugh) or mental (think, learn, study).
They can be transitive (need a direct object, I buy books) or intransitive (they don't need a direct object, Who called?).
I walk everyday.
2. Non-action verbs:
join the subject and the predicate. They don't show action. They help the words at the end of the sentence name or describe the subject.
(be, feel, grow, seem, smell, remain, appear, sound, stay, look, taste, turn, become)
He is a tall boy.
3. Auxiliary verbs:
are added to another verb to make the meaning clearer. Verb phrases are made up of one main verb and one or more helping verbs.
(to be, do, have, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must)
They haven't arrived home.
They will travel to Paris soon.
Present Simple he, she, it + and -
Verbs name an action or describe a state of being. Every sentence must have a verb. There are three basic types of verbs:
1. Action verbs:
tell what the subject does. The action can be visible (jump, walk, laugh) or mental (think, learn, study).
They can be transitive (need a direct object, I buy books) or intransitive (they don't need a direct object, Who called?).
I walk everyday.
2. Non-action verbs:
join the subject and the predicate. They don't show action. They help the words at the end of the sentence name or describe the subject.
(be, feel, grow, seem, smell, remain, appear, sound, stay, look, taste, turn, become)
He is a tall boy.
3. Auxiliary verbs:
are added to another verb to make the meaning clearer. Verb phrases are made up of one main verb and one or more helping verbs.
(to be, do, have, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must)
They haven't arrived home.
They will travel to Paris soon.
TO BE
I am
you are he/she/ it is we are you are they are |
I'm not
you aren't he/she/it isn't we aren't you aren't they aren't |
Am I...?
Are you...? Is he/she/it...? Are we...? Are you...? Are they...? |
TO HAVE GOT (tener/ poseer)
I have got
you have got he/she/it has got we have got you have got they have got |
I haven't got
you haven't got he/she/it hasn't got we haven't got you haven't got they haven't got |
Have I got...?
have you got...? has he/she/ it got...? have we got...? have you got...? have they got...? |
VERBS WITH DO/DOES
I work
you work he/she/it works we work you work they work |
I don't work
you don't work he/she/it doesn't work we don't work you don't work they don't work |
Do I work?
Do you work? Does he/she/it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work? |
SPELLING:
Third person singular (remember that these rules are the same for nouns, you learnt it in Básico 1 - Unit 1D):
Third person singular (remember that these rules are the same for nouns, you learnt it in Básico 1 - Unit 1D):
normal rule
-s
read- reads
speak-speaks
play - plays
live - lives
walk - walks
-s
read- reads
speak-speaks
play - plays
live - lives
walk - walks
vowel, ch, sh, x, s, z, zz, ss.
-es
go - goes
teach - teaches
wash - washes
fix - fixes
pass - passes
-es
go - goes
teach - teaches
wash - washes
fix - fixes
pass - passes
consonant -y
-ies
study - studies
-ies
study - studies
2. PRONUNCIATION
-s
-s
-es |
/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/
(unvoiced consonants) vowels, /b/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /v/ (voiced consonants) /s/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /ʃ/, /x/, /tʃ/ |
/s/
/z/ /iz/ |
stops /ps/
eats /ts/ cooks /ks/ - speaks /ks/ - drinks /ks/ - likes /ks/ laughs /fs/ does /ʌz/- studies /iz/ - plays /iz/ - goes /uz/
grabs /bz/ lids /dz/ digs /gz/ fails /lz/ comes /mz/ earns /nz/ - rains /nz/ wears /rz/ loves /vz/ - lives /vz/ places /siz/ chooses /ziz/ judges /dʒiz/ - changes /dʒiz/ washes /ʃiz/ - finishes /ʃiz/ fixes /xiz/ watches /tʃiz/ |
Voiced consonant sounds: are made in the throat by vibrating the vocal chords, e.g. /b/, /l/, /m/, /v/, etc.
Unvoiced consonant sounds: are made in the mouth without vibrarion in the mouth, e.g. /p/, /k/, /t/, /s/, etc.
Unvoiced consonant sounds: are made in the mouth without vibrarion in the mouth, e.g. /p/, /k/, /t/, /s/, etc.