UNIT 4.1
1. VOCABULARY & READING
Life stages and events
Life events
- start your own business
- have a baby/ have children
- go to university
- get a job
- choose your career (professional career)
- get married
- leave home
- retire
- learn to swim
- leave school
- move house or flat
- spend time abroad (in another country)
- change career
- take up a hobby or a sport
- pass your exam/ driving test
- live with a partner
TASK: Choose two or three important events in your life you have experienced and tell your partner about them. Say what you did, when and why.
SPEAKING
Why do people go to parties?
To have fun/ to enjoy/ to meet new people/ to relax NOT for to meet new people or for meet new people.
Why do people go to parties?
To have fun/ to enjoy/ to meet new people/ to relax NOT for to meet new people or for meet new people.
- Do you like going to parties? Why (not)?
- Do you like giving parties? Why (not)?
- When was the last time you went to a party or celebration? (a wedding, a birthday party, etc.)
- Whose party was it?
- What did you wear?
- What kind of music did they play?
- Did you dance?
- Did you meet anybody new?
- What did you have to eat and drink?
- Did you stay until the end?
GRAMMAR & SPEAKING
VERBS WITH -ING AND TO
VERBS WITH -ING AND TO
THE RULES OF THE INFINITIVE WITH 'TO'
BE CAREFUL
The infinitive of purpose is only used to express a positive reason. If you want to express a negative reason, you have to use: in order not to / so as not to.
Eg. We took a taxi in order not to be late.
We decided to ask for directions so as not to get lost.
We took a taxi not to be late (IS INCORRECT)
- After adjectives. Eg. Nice to meet you / This exercise is easy to do.
- After certain verbs (See the list below)
- To say why you do something, it's called 'the infinitive of purpose'. Eg. WHy did you come to this school? To learn English.
BE CAREFUL
The infinitive of purpose is only used to express a positive reason. If you want to express a negative reason, you have to use: in order not to / so as not to.
Eg. We took a taxi in order not to be late.
We decided to ask for directions so as not to get lost.
We took a taxi not to be late (IS INCORRECT)
SOME VERBS + INFINITIVE
The negative infinitive is not to + verb: Eg. Try not to be late tomorrow. / Promise not to arrive late. |
|
verb+ -ing
The spelling rules are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
In British English it is much more common to use a gerund after like, love and hate especially when you are speaking about general likes and dislikes. (However an infinitive can be used without any real difference in meaning.), e.g. I like travelling, but would like is followed by the infinitive, e.g. I would like to travel to Italy.
When do we write the gerund (-ing)?
SOME VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE -ING
Have you finished getting dressed?
(= remember something after it happened)
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
we talk about a habit or
a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
start + to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
(= experiment with something)
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
The spelling rules are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
In British English it is much more common to use a gerund after like, love and hate especially when you are speaking about general likes and dislikes. (However an infinitive can be used without any real difference in meaning.), e.g. I like travelling, but would like is followed by the infinitive, e.g. I would like to travel to Italy.
When do we write the gerund (-ing)?
- After some verbs (See the list below)
- When we use a verb as a noun (as the subject of the sentence). Eg. Swimming is good for your health
- When we use a verb after a preposition. Eg. He's not very good at speaking French.
SOME VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE -ING
- enjoy
- finish
Have you finished getting dressed?
- go on (=continue)
- hate
- like
- love
- (don't) mind
- remember
(= remember something after it happened)
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
- spend (time)
- start + ing
we talk about a habit or
a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
start + to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
- stop
- try
(= experiment with something)
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
gerunds_and_infin_2.ppt | |
File Size: | 1485 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
gerund_or_infinitive_quiz.ppt | |
File Size: | 526 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
Let the wheel decide for you!
Instructions:
- Spin the wheel
- Make the appropriate choice: infinitive or gerund with the verb given.
- Then create a story with the verb.
- Each person in the group will continue the story with a sentence.
- If you ran out of ideas or the infinitive or gerund is not correct, you get eliminated.
Good luck!
- Spin the wheel
- Make the appropriate choice: infinitive or gerund with the verb given.
- Then create a story with the verb.
- Each person in the group will continue the story with a sentence.
- If you ran out of ideas or the infinitive or gerund is not correct, you get eliminated.
Good luck!
SPEAKING
- Do you want to live abroad one day?
- Do you hope to have the same career for ever?
- Do you plan to move home some time in the future?
- Would you like to take up a new hobby?
- Can you imagine moving to a different town or city?
- Do you get annoyed when people keep changing their minds?
- Do you enjoy trying new food in restaurants?
- Do you sometimes decide to change the color or style of your hair?
- Do you like reading the same sites or blogs every day?
- Do you hope to have the same career for ever?
- Do you plan to move home some time in the future?
- Would you like to take up a new hobby?
- Can you imagine moving to a different town or city?
- Do you get annoyed when people keep changing their minds?
- Do you enjoy trying new food in restaurants?
- Do you sometimes decide to change the color or style of your hair?
- Do you like reading the same sites or blogs every day?