UNIT 1D
1. GRAMMAR
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Defining relative clauses with who, that and which
We use who for people, which for things and where for places.
I talked to the man who gave you the present.
I gave you the letter which came this morning
We can also use "That" instead of who or which in defining relative clauses. It is more informal.
I talked to the man that gave you the present.
I gave you the letter that came this morning
Note that who, which or that replace the pronoun.
I talked to a man. He gave you a present.
I talked to the man who gave you a present
NOT: I talked to the man who he gave you a present
2. Leaving out Who, That and Which
The relative pronouns "who","that" or "which" can be the object or the subject of a defining relative sentence.
Compare:
Peter is the boy who came yesterday
who is the subject of "came": He came yesterday
Peter is the boy who I saw in the restaurant yesterday
who is the object of "saw", not the subject : I saw him in the restaurant yesterday. ("I" is the subject)
When , in a defining relative sentence, the relative pronoun is the object , we often leave it out.
We use who for people, which for things and where for places.
I talked to the man who gave you the present.
I gave you the letter which came this morning
We can also use "That" instead of who or which in defining relative clauses. It is more informal.
I talked to the man that gave you the present.
I gave you the letter that came this morning
Note that who, which or that replace the pronoun.
I talked to a man. He gave you a present.
I talked to the man who gave you a present
NOT: I talked to the man who he gave you a present
2. Leaving out Who, That and Which
The relative pronouns "who","that" or "which" can be the object or the subject of a defining relative sentence.
Compare:
Peter is the boy who came yesterday
who is the subject of "came": He came yesterday
Peter is the boy who I saw in the restaurant yesterday
who is the object of "saw", not the subject : I saw him in the restaurant yesterday. ("I" is the subject)
When , in a defining relative sentence, the relative pronoun is the object , we often leave it out.
4. VOCABULARY
Useful expressions. Explaining a word you don't know
1. It's somebody who...
2. It's the person who...
3. It's a place where you go...
4. It's a thing which you use...
5. It's a kind of machine...
6. It's the opposite of...
7. It's like a/an... but...
8. It's similar to...
9. It's how you feel when...
10. It's what you do when...
11. For example you do this to the...
Useful expressions. Explaining a word you don't know
1. It's somebody who...
2. It's the person who...
3. It's a place where you go...
4. It's a thing which you use...
5. It's a kind of machine...
6. It's the opposite of...
7. It's like a/an... but...
8. It's similar to...
9. It's how you feel when...
10. It's what you do when...
11. For example you do this to the...