UNIT 7B
1. GRAMMAR
verb+ -ing
The spelling rules are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
In British English it is much more common to use a gerund after like, love and hate especially when you are speaking about general likes and dislikes. (However an infinitive can be used without any real difference in meaning.), e.g. I like travelling, but would like is followed by the infinitive, e.g. I would like to travel to Italy.
When do we write the gerund (-ing)?
SOME VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE -ING
Have you finished getting dressed?
(= remember something after it happened)
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
we talk about a habit or
a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
start + to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
(= experiment with something)
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
verb+ -ing
The spelling rules are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
In British English it is much more common to use a gerund after like, love and hate especially when you are speaking about general likes and dislikes. (However an infinitive can be used without any real difference in meaning.), e.g. I like travelling, but would like is followed by the infinitive, e.g. I would like to travel to Italy.
When do we write the gerund (-ing)?
- After some verbs (See the list below)
- When we use a verb as a noun (as the subject of the sentence). Eg. Swimming is good for your health
- When we use a verb after a preposition. Eg. He's not very good at speaking French.
SOME VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE -ING
- enjoy
- finish
Have you finished getting dressed?
- go on (=continue)
- hate
- like
- love
- (don't) mind
- remember
(= remember something after it happened)
remember to
Remember to buy the cake for her party.
(= remember to do something later)
- spend (time)
- start + ing
we talk about a habit or
a longer activity)
I started reading Tom Sawyer's book last week.
I started working here in 1998.
When did you start playing the piano?
It started raining. (no difference in meaning)
start + to
He started to sing when the teacher was still talking.
It started to rain. (no difference in meaning)
- stop
- try
(= experiment with something)
try to
I'm trying to find a job, but it's very hard with the crisis.
(=to attent to do or accomplish)
Here are the spelling rules of the -ing
5b_grammar_adding_ing.doc | |
File Size: | 42 kb |
File Type: | doc |
gerund_or_infinitive_quiz.ppt | |
File Size: | 526 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
gerunds_and_infinitives.ppt | |
File Size: | 455 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
gerunds_and_infin_2.ppt | |
File Size: | 1485 kb |
File Type: | ppt |
The use of the gerund (-ing)
4. VOCABULARY & SPEAKING
· I don't mind (doing something) = it isn't a problem for me but it isn't something I especially like doing.
· I can't stand (doing something) = is an alternative to hate.
· I don't mind (doing something) = it isn't a problem for me but it isn't something I especially like doing.
· I can't stand (doing something) = is an alternative to hate.
5. LISTENING
The Sound of Music
The Sound of Music