unit 14- banks and money
1. VOCABULARY
account balance
account number
account overdrawn- cuenta en descubierto
accrue- acumularse
afford to buy
apply for a loan
apply for an overdraft- solicitar un descubierto
assets- any item of value that a person owns.
ATM- Automated Teller Machine (a machine, usually in a wall outside a bank, from which you can take out of your bank account using a special card
(a) bank account
bank balance- the amount of money in a bank account. I'd like to check my bank balance, please.
bank charges- sums of money paid by a customer for a bank's service.
bank statement- a printed record of the money put into and removed from a bank account
bankrupt- financial situation in which a court declares one's debts to be greater than the total value of one's assets.
be good with money
be in debt
be in the red
be refused credit- (I wanted to pay by credit card, but they refused.)
be short of cash
bounce- when a check cannot be paid or accepted by a bank because of a lack of money in the account. I had to pay a penalty fee when my check bounced.
buy on credit
cash(noun)- money in the form of notes and coins, rather than checks or credit cards. Do you have any cash on you?
cash a check (verb)
to exchange a check for cash. Would you cash a check for me?
cash flow problems- problema de liquidez
(a) cash point
cash value- amount that an insurance policy is worth if canceled before maturity. An insurance company will lend to a policyholder based on his or her policy.
check (US) / cheque (UK)- a printed form, used instead of money, to make payments from your bank account. I wrote him a check for $100.
checkbook (US) / chequebook (UK)- a book of checks / cheques with your name printed on them which is given to you by your bank to make payments with.
checking account (US) / current account (UK)- a bank account that you can take money from at any time and which usually earns little or no interest.
co-applicant / joint applicant / co-signer- someone who signs a loan with the borrower, thus accepting legal responsibility for paying the debt if the borrower default or does not pay.
co-ownership- joint ownership between two or more persons.
commision
confiscate, seize- embargar
cosigner- cofirmante
credit
1. money in your bank account. I was relieved to see from my statement that my account was in credit.
2. a method of paying for goods or services at a later time, usually paying interest as well as the original money. They decided to buy the car on credit.
credit card- a small plastic card which can be used as a method of payment, the money being taken from you at a later time.
credit references- people who will recommend the credit applicant as a good credit risk.
creditor- lender; one to whom money is owed.
currency
currency exchange
(the) currency collapsed
current account
current address
debit- (a record of) money taken out of a bank account. The account was in debit at the end of the month (= more money had been spent than was in the account at that time).
debt- money, which is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something: He managed to pay off his debts in two years.
The firm ran up huge debts.
debt balance- amount still owed on a debt at a given time.
default- failure to fulfill the terms of the loan agreement.
dependents- those who rely on a person for support.
deposit (US) / pay in (UK) (money in my account) to put money into a bank account. If you go to the bank, will you deposit these checks for me?
deposit account (UK) / savings account (US)- a bank account in which you usually leave money for a long time and which pays you interest.
direct debit- an arrangement for making payments, usually to an organization, in which your bank moves money from your account into the organization's account at regular times: I pay my electricity bill by direct debit.
disbursement- desembolso, gasto
do one's sums- echar / hacer números
(to) exchange money
(the) exchange rate
expense- when you spend or use money. Buying a bigger car has proved to be well worth the expense. We've just had a new garage built at great expense.
fee
finance charge- the total cost to use credit, including interest, loan fees, and credit insurance.
fixed
fixed-term deposit- depósito a plazo fijo
foreclosure- is the legal process by which a mortgagee, , or other lien holder, usually a lender, obtains a court ordered termination of a mortgagor's equitable right of redemption.
get into debt- endeudarse, llenarse de deudas
go into overdraft- meterse en un descubierto
have a bad credit rating- tener mala solvencia crediticia
income- ingresos
insurance- an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc: life/health/car/travel insurance
interest
1. money which is charged by a bank or other financial organization for borrowing money: I got a loan with an interest rate of 10%.
2. money that you earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other financial organization. You should put the money in a savings account where it will earn interest.
interest rate- (tasa de interés / tipo de interés) the percentage of the principal that a borrower pay for the use of borrowed money.
liabilities- financial obligations, or money owed.
loan- a sum of money which is borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be paid back, usually together with an additional amount of money that you have to pay as a charge for borrowing. She's trying to get a $100 000 loan to start her own business.
loan account- cuenta de crédito
loan sharks- usureros
long-term loans- Loans for larger purchases, such as a home or a car.
make good money-hacer (mucho) dinero, ganar bien
money laundering- lavado de dinero, blanqueo de dinero
mortgage- a loan for purchasing real estate. If the borrower does not repay the loan according to the terms of the contract, the lender can legally force the sale of property to pay off the loan.
mortgage holder- person or institution that made the mortgage loan.
NSF- Non Sufficient Fund
offer credit- ofrecer crédito
overdraft-(descubierto) The act of overdrawing a bank account.
(an) overdraft facility- un servicio de descubierto
overdraft fee- tarifa por descubierto
(my) overdraft limit- límite de descubierto
pay in cash- pagar en metálico
pay off my loan- pagar todo el préstamo
payee- a person who money is paid to or should be paid to.
personal loans (short-term or intermediate-term loans)- loans that are relatively small
pocket money- dinero de bolsillo
principal- capital
proceeds- the amount of money a borrower receives from the loan
profitability- rentabilidad, rendimiento, beneficio
promissory note- pagaré
proof of income- prueba de ingresos (salario)
real estate- land and property attached to the land.
refinance- refinanciar
refund- reembolsar
repossess / reclaim- to take back what was sold on an installment plan or loan if payments are not made as agreed.
(a) repossession- un embargo
return to profitability- volver a números negros
run out of money- quedarse sin dinero
run up huge debts- tener grandes deudas
savings account (US) / deposit account (UK)- a bank account in which you usually leave money for a long time and which pays you interest.
seize, confiscate- embargar
shares- acciones
(a) stable currency- una moneda estable
standing account (UK)- an instruction to a bank to pay a particular amount of money at regular times from a person's bank account to another bank account (compare direct debit)
statement- extracto
stock market- bolsa
stock purchase- compra de acciones
stock transfer- transferencia de acciones
strengthen the currency- fortalecer la moneda
(a) student loan- un préstamo para estudiante
(to) supplement a salary- aumentar el salario
(to) supplement an income- aumentar los ingresos
tax (an amount of) money paid to the government, which is based on your income or of the cost of goods or services you have bought: They're putting up the tax on cigarettes.
tax haven /'heivn/ paraíso fiscal
teller- cajero (la persona)
terms- condiciones
transaction- transacción, venta, operación
traveler's check- a piece of paper that you buy from a bank or a travel company and that you can use as money or exchange for the local money of the country you visit.
undeclared money- dinero negro
utility bill (a gas bill or electricity bill)- recibo de la luz o gas
wage- sueldo, paga (pay per hour)
wages- salario, sueldo (regular pay)
withdraw (money from my account)- (retirar, sacar) to take money out of a bank account
withdrawal- transferencia
worth- valor (económico)
write the debt off- cancelar la deuda
Listening activities about Money
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Do the exercise below:
Answers:
- CASH FLOW PROBLEMS
How to maximise your cash flow
- CREDIT BEING OFFERED
Target shoppers offered credit monitoring
- COLLAPSED CURRENCY
Economic Collapse in Argentina
Dollar collapsed
Euro collapsed in Portugal
Iceland needs to keep its currency to recover
Currency Failures from Argentina to ZImbabwe
- MONEY LAUNDERING
What is money laundering?
Launder Money with Stocks
What's money laundering?
Money laundering, shipping and distribution strategy
A LOAN SHARK
Loan sharking in England
What's the difference?
devaluate vs. collapse
- devaluate: To lower the exchange value of a currency by lowering its gold equivalency.
- collapse: ( to be collapsed): To fall down suddenly.
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-overdraft: the withdrawal of money is excess of a credit balance on a bank or building-society credit cheque account.
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When you have a checking account, there's no little birdie that sits on your shoulder and warns you when you're writing a check for more than you have in your account. An overdraft is the act of writing a check for more than you have in your account, and being overdrawn is the result of having a negative balance in your account.
OVERDRAWN
Your account is overdrawn when you try to transfer more money out than you currently have in the account. For example, say you have $500 in your checking account and your landlord tries to cash your $600 monthly rent check. Obviously, there's not enough money in your bank account to cover the entire check. Whether or not your bank will honor the attempt to cash your check depends on if you have overdraft protection.
OVERDRAFT PRACTICES
Depending on your bank and whether you've authorized overdrafts, your bank might still honor checks you write for more than the current balance of your account. For example, say you write a check for $600 when you only have $500 in the bank. If you have overdraft protection for at least $100, your bank will still cash the check, your balance will just drop to negative $100. In addition, many banks reserve the right to refuse to accept a transaction and won't accept ATM withdrawals that overdraw your account unless you authorize them ahead of time.
devaluate vs. collapse
- devaluate: To lower the exchange value of a currency by lowering its gold equivalency.
- collapse: ( to be collapsed): To fall down suddenly.
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-overdraft: the withdrawal of money is excess of a credit balance on a bank or building-society credit cheque account.
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When you have a checking account, there's no little birdie that sits on your shoulder and warns you when you're writing a check for more than you have in your account. An overdraft is the act of writing a check for more than you have in your account, and being overdrawn is the result of having a negative balance in your account.
OVERDRAWN
Your account is overdrawn when you try to transfer more money out than you currently have in the account. For example, say you have $500 in your checking account and your landlord tries to cash your $600 monthly rent check. Obviously, there's not enough money in your bank account to cover the entire check. Whether or not your bank will honor the attempt to cash your check depends on if you have overdraft protection.
OVERDRAFT PRACTICES
Depending on your bank and whether you've authorized overdrafts, your bank might still honor checks you write for more than the current balance of your account. For example, say you write a check for $600 when you only have $500 in the bank. If you have overdraft protection for at least $100, your bank will still cash the check, your balance will just drop to negative $100. In addition, many banks reserve the right to refuse to accept a transaction and won't accept ATM withdrawals that overdraw your account unless you authorize them ahead of time.
2. LISTENING
Go to Listening (unit 14)
3. DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Apologising and offering explanations
Apologizing
How can you emphasise an apology? By using: really/ terribly/ awfully or auxiliary do between the subject and the verb.
Making apologies:
Accepting apologies:
Remember:
Apologising and offering explanations
Apologizing
- To apologize is to tell someone that you are sorry for having done something that has caused him inconvenience or unhappiness:
- - I must apologize to Isabel for my late arrival.
- - I'd like to apologize for my trouble making.
- - Trains may be subject to delay on the northern line. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.
How can you emphasise an apology? By using: really/ terribly/ awfully or auxiliary do between the subject and the verb.
Making apologies:
- I do apologize for...
- I must apologize for...
- I apologize for...
- I'd like to apologize for...
- I am so sorry for...
- I shouldn't have...
- It's all my fault.
- I'm ashamed of...
- Please, forgive me for...
- Excuse me for ...
- I'm terribly sorry for...
- Pardon me for this...
- Please, forgive me for my....
- Please, accept my apologies for...
Accepting apologies:
- That's all right.
- Never mind.
- Don't apologize.
- It doesn't matter.
- Don't worry about it.
- Don't mention it.
- That's OK.
- I quite understand.
- You couldn't help it.
- Forget about it.
- Don't worry about it.
- No harm done.
Remember:
- "I'd like to apologize" is the short form of "I would like to apologize"
4. GRAMMAR
Go to Grammar: Passives
5. CONVERSATION PRACTICE
Go to Converstation practice
6. SPEAKING
IDIOMS AND PROVERBS
The idiom “be careful what you wish for” is often used as a type of warning to people who are wishing for one thing, but might not realize all the negative consequences that could accompany obtaining that wish. Sometimes, the saying is followed by “it might come true,” “lest it come true,” “you may receive it,” “you just might get it,” or some other similar ending phrase. Due to the contradictory meaning of those two phrases, their combination might confuse those who have never heard the idiom in its entirety. Of course, whether the idiom provides a certain truth is entirely up to the situation. Often, the contradictory nature of the idiom does not negate the real warning it provides.
By itself, the saying might not have much meaning to those who have never heard it. Coupled with one of the other ending phrases, however, it becomes a rather oxymoronic or paradoxical statement. This means it contains elements that are seemingly contradictory. When a person tells another person to be careful about what he wishes for because his wish might come true, the receiver of the advice might think it is odd advice, given that he does want his wish to come true. In that sense, the phrase seems contradictory.
A long march starts with the very first step: Success does not come from nothing, instead it comes from concrete hard work.
Without rice, even the cleverest housewife cannot cook: It may not be true to American housewives who seldom cook rice. But rice is staple food in South China where the proverb may have originated. Without the right material, no matter how good you are, you may not accomplish the task.
A smile is worth a thousand ounces of gold: You describe a smile that is hard to come by as "a smile purchased for a thousand ounces of gold." There is a tragic story behind this proverb.
A carriage that overturned ahead can be a lesson for those to follow: What happened has happened. What's needed to do is draw a lesson from it to avoid making the same mistake again in the future.
Asking yourself for help is better than asking others: God helps those who help themselves.
A melon forced off its vine is not sweet: "You can lead a horse to the water, but you can't make it drink." For that matter, a forced marriage is not happy and examples can be listed endlessly.
An ant may well destroy an entire dam: If a small problem is overlooked, it could develop into a big disaster as ant can multiply, making tunnels in the dam to allow water soak in and consequently bring it to a collapse.
A donkey has limited abilities:
Looking for a donkey on its very back: Looking for something as if it were missing while it is just under one's nose.
Once on a tiger's back, you'll find it hard to get off: Once you take on a thorny task, you'll find it hard to get rid of it.
The idiom “be careful what you wish for” is often used as a type of warning to people who are wishing for one thing, but might not realize all the negative consequences that could accompany obtaining that wish. Sometimes, the saying is followed by “it might come true,” “lest it come true,” “you may receive it,” “you just might get it,” or some other similar ending phrase. Due to the contradictory meaning of those two phrases, their combination might confuse those who have never heard the idiom in its entirety. Of course, whether the idiom provides a certain truth is entirely up to the situation. Often, the contradictory nature of the idiom does not negate the real warning it provides.
By itself, the saying might not have much meaning to those who have never heard it. Coupled with one of the other ending phrases, however, it becomes a rather oxymoronic or paradoxical statement. This means it contains elements that are seemingly contradictory. When a person tells another person to be careful about what he wishes for because his wish might come true, the receiver of the advice might think it is odd advice, given that he does want his wish to come true. In that sense, the phrase seems contradictory.
A long march starts with the very first step: Success does not come from nothing, instead it comes from concrete hard work.
Without rice, even the cleverest housewife cannot cook: It may not be true to American housewives who seldom cook rice. But rice is staple food in South China where the proverb may have originated. Without the right material, no matter how good you are, you may not accomplish the task.
A smile is worth a thousand ounces of gold: You describe a smile that is hard to come by as "a smile purchased for a thousand ounces of gold." There is a tragic story behind this proverb.
A carriage that overturned ahead can be a lesson for those to follow: What happened has happened. What's needed to do is draw a lesson from it to avoid making the same mistake again in the future.
Asking yourself for help is better than asking others: God helps those who help themselves.
A melon forced off its vine is not sweet: "You can lead a horse to the water, but you can't make it drink." For that matter, a forced marriage is not happy and examples can be listed endlessly.
An ant may well destroy an entire dam: If a small problem is overlooked, it could develop into a big disaster as ant can multiply, making tunnels in the dam to allow water soak in and consequently bring it to a collapse.
A donkey has limited abilities:
Looking for a donkey on its very back: Looking for something as if it were missing while it is just under one's nose.
Once on a tiger's back, you'll find it hard to get off: Once you take on a thorny task, you'll find it hard to get rid of it.
If you want to learn more idioms related to money, click below:
money._vocab.idioms.funny_things_(2).doc | |
File Size: | 266 kb |
File Type: | doc |
7. READING
The Magic Moneybox
The Magic Moneybox
8. GRAMMAR
Go to WISH
10. VOCABULARY
Vocabulary:
I bet them that we would be first.
The average person in that country earns approximately $ 40,000 per year while in Sudan the average person earns approximately $ 63.
A jackpot can rollover indefinetly until someone wins the prize.
Are lottery tickets worth for £ 2?
The odds against the outsider are a hundred to one. (outsider = foreigner)
A jackpot can rollover indefinetly until someone wins the prize.
Raise the stakes by playing wirelessly against your friends.
Vocabulary:
- bet
I bet them that we would be first.
- earn
The average person in that country earns approximately $ 40,000 per year while in Sudan the average person earns approximately $ 63.
- gamble (vb.)
- jackpot
A jackpot can rollover indefinetly until someone wins the prize.
- lottery
Are lottery tickets worth for £ 2?
- odds
The odds against the outsider are a hundred to one. (outsider = foreigner)
- rollover
A jackpot can rollover indefinetly until someone wins the prize.
- stake (n.)
Raise the stakes by playing wirelessly against your friends.
- waste
Metaphor
Banking idiomatic expressions:
Can I bank on your support?
A fool and his money are soon parted.
A company or an activity which is a licence to print money.
The company has been coining it/money since the new manager took over.
Since he's in the money, he's extremely generous to his friends.
Ice cream sellers are minting money thanks to the heat.
Most people think being a professional footballer is money for jam.
That costs an arm and a leg.
I got it for a song.
Time is money.
- Money doesn’t grow on trees.
- Do you think I’m made of money?
- Don’t you know the value of a dollar?
- You’re not worth a plug nickel.
- If you have money, you make money.
- The rich get richer, the poor get poorer.
- A fool and his money are soon parted.
- Money is the root of all evil.
- Money doesn’t buy you happiness.
- Money burns a hole in your pocket.
- Money is no object.
- Money is power.
- Money isn’t everything.
- Money makes money.
- Money talks.
- Put your money where your mouth is.
- Follow the money.
- Time is money.
- Don’t make a dime wait on a nickel.
- Let the buyer beware.
- Poverty is no crime.
- Poverty is no sin.
- Beggars can’t be choosers.
- If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.
- If wishes were dollars, we all would be rich.
- The further you go the bigger you fall.
- The grass is always greener on the other side.
- More money equals more problems.
- I always pick the most expensive item.
- Business as usual.
- Business before pleasure.
- Never mix business with pleasure.
- Don’t buy a pig in a poke.
- Let the buyer beware.
- Talk is cheap, but it takes money to buy.
- Spend less, make more.
- Don’t be greedy.
- Why don’t you get a REAL job?
- Don’t be so lazy.
- Charge for what you’re worth.
- With people you make money with 3 people you lose money.
- Pay yourself first.
- Another day, another dollar.
- It’s all in a day’s work.
- Save for a rainy day.
- Don’t sell yourself short.
- Bad money drives out good.
- Pay the piper his due.
- Give credit where credit is due.
- Give the devil his due.
- Keeping up with the Jones’.
- It’s better to have one expensive item than a bunch of junk.
- A penny saved is a penny earned.
- I can’t see the light at the end of the tunnel.
- The light at the end of a tunnel is an oncoming train.
- You can’t take it with you.
- Don’t throw good money towards bad.
- Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.
- They earned their money the hard way.
- Make an honorable living.
- Don’t bite the hand that fees you.
- Don’t spend it all in one place.
- Taxes are eating me alive.
- Don’t spend more than you make.
- What will I do with all of this money?
- Finders keepers, losers weepers.
- I guess they need it more than me.
- Everyone is in the same boat.
- I’m a survivor. (Be a thriver.)
- Don’t be penny-wise and dollar foolish.
- You have to spend money to make money.
- No pain – no gain.
- Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
- One man’s loss is another man’s gain.
- If you have money, you can buy anything.
- It’s not whether you win or lose, it’s how you play the game.
- Money begets money.
- You can’t get blood from a turnip.
- You can’t get something for nothing.
- You get what you pay for.
- Whoever loves money never has money.
- Wanna bet?
- Don’t take any wooden nickels.
- I was never good at numbers.
- He who dances must pay the fiddler.
- Pay as you go.
- Pay the piper his due
- You pays your money and you takes your choice.
- A bad penny always turns up.
- A penny for your thoughts.
- Penny-wise and proud-foolish.
- Work and pray, live on hay, you’ll get pig in the sky when you die.
- Don’t buy a pig in a poke.
- Business before pleasure.
- It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than it is for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven.
- Save for a rainy day.
- Sell down the river.
- You can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.
- Every man is not born with a silver spoon in his mouth.
- Poverty is no sin.
- Money has no smell.
- As you sow, so shall you reap.
- Brother, can you spare a dime?
- Time is money.
- He who does not work, neither shall he eat.
- If a thing is worth doing it is worth doing twice.
- It’s not worth the paper it is written on.
Banking idiomatic expressions:
Can I bank on your support?
A fool and his money are soon parted.
A company or an activity which is a licence to print money.
The company has been coining it/money since the new manager took over.
Since he's in the money, he's extremely generous to his friends.
Ice cream sellers are minting money thanks to the heat.
Most people think being a professional footballer is money for jam.
That costs an arm and a leg.
I got it for a song.
Time is money.
11. LISTENING
Gambling
Lottery winners' lives ruined
Answer the following questions:
1. Name some things, mentioned in the video, that people would buy if they won the lottery.
2. Mention, at least, one money cliché (idioms, sayings, proverbs).
3. Why does Jack's wife wishes he would have returned the winning ticket?
4. According to a psychologist... 'When you win the lottery you...
5. What's the secret of happy lottery winners?
Answers:
1. Be able to pay his student's loan / buy his wife a present.
2. 'Money can't buy you happiness', 'Money doesn't make the man', 'A fool and his money are easily parted'.
3. Because a lot of bad events (his seventeen-year-old granddaughter was dead due to drug addition, and Jack was arrested twice for drug and driving.)
4. 'When you win the lottery you need spend a lot of money and to get the same level of hapiness you need to have a lot of money because you get used to money.
5. They can separate their identity from their money.
1. Name some things, mentioned in the video, that people would buy if they won the lottery.
2. Mention, at least, one money cliché (idioms, sayings, proverbs).
3. Why does Jack's wife wishes he would have returned the winning ticket?
4. According to a psychologist... 'When you win the lottery you...
5. What's the secret of happy lottery winners?
Answers:
1. Be able to pay his student's loan / buy his wife a present.
2. 'Money can't buy you happiness', 'Money doesn't make the man', 'A fool and his money are easily parted'.
3. Because a lot of bad events (his seventeen-year-old granddaughter was dead due to drug addition, and Jack was arrested twice for drug and driving.)
4. 'When you win the lottery you need spend a lot of money and to get the same level of hapiness you need to have a lot of money because you get used to money.
5. They can separate their identity from their money.
Lottery changed my life
10 stupid lottery winners
Compulsive GAMBLER has EVERYTHING to LOSE
Gambling Addiction and compulsive gamblers' True Stories
Depression Rescue Module 19- Gambling Addiction
We can conclude by saying:
- some people take the lottery too seriously and get addicted spending a ridiculous amount of money on the tickets and then they end up losing.
- if they did win after a year of trying, they end up just getting black what they have lost during the year of spending all their money on tickets.
Odds
Virtually all lotteries carry extremely low odds of winning. For example, in a lottery where six numbered balls are drawn from 49 total balls, a player has a one in 13,983,816 chance of guessing five out of six winning numbers. Additionally, many companies that run lotteries have been repeatedly accused of targeting poorer demographics in advertising. This coupled with the low odds of winning may compound financial problems of frequent gamblers.
Lack of Regulation
Many supporters of lotteries argue that money collected from the games can be used to fund public services, like education and health care. In many cases, however, legislative bodies tend to decrease the amount of funds allocated to the public service aimed at being supported by the lottery, and instead spend the revenues from the lottery on other things. There is very little evidence that supports an overall increase in funding for the public services intended to benefit from the lottery.
Addictions
Another negative effect of gambling is gambling addiction. In the United States, an estimated 15 million people are affected by a gambling problem, of which more than 3 million qualify as gambling addicts or pathological gamblers. Players are not defined as problem gamblers solely based on frequency of play, but are considered problem gamblers if the gambling causes problems for the players.
Further Effects
Problem gambling causes a number of difficulties for affected players, including financial troubles. Other effects include relationship problems, often caused by the amount of time devoted to the lottery, instead of a significant other or family members and friends. Relationship problems can also be caused by blame placed on the significant other, as many problem gamblers are in denial. Problem gambling is more than just a poor habit, and can be very difficult to break. Players with gambling addictions generally require a treatment program specifically tailored to their individual situation.
Info taken from: www.ehow.com
13. PRONUNCIATION
Numbers:
· Fractions
The numerator (the top number) is spoken as a cardinal number and the denominator (the bottom number) as an ordinal number.
However, half is used in place of second and sometimes quarter in place of fourth.
For fractions in which the numerator is larger than one, the denominator takes the plural -s suffix.
English fractions are also written with a hyphen between the numerator and denominator. For example:
1/2 – one-half
1/3 – one-third
2/3 – two-thirds
1/4 – one-fourth, one-quarter
4/5 – four-fifths
99/100 – ninety-nine one hundredths, ninety-nine hundredths
Fractions may also be spoken as cardinal number-over-cardinal number. For example:
1/2 – one over two
1/3 – one over three
2/3 – two over three
1/4 – one over four
4/5 – four over five
99/100 – ninety-nine over one hundred
1/8 = 1 of 8, 1 eighth
3/4 = 3 over four, 3 fourths
· Decimals
If you know how to read a cardinal number, you can read a decimal:
Start reading the number from the left to the right:
These are the positions of the decimal numbers
You must say them after you read the decimal.
Now try to read this number 0.25463:
Before starting reading the decimal number,
remember the position of the last one (which is
called "the place value"):
Then, read the number as if it was a cardinal number
and say the position of the last one:
Remember!!!!
If you just say this, people would think you are
talking about a whole number (not a decimal):
Try to read this other number 0.2546:
Before starting reading the decimal number,
remember the position of the last one:
Then, read the number as if it was a cardinal number
and say the position of the last one:
Try to read this number 0.254:
Before starting reading the decimal number,
remember the position of the last one:
Then, read the number as if it was a cardinal number
and say the position of the last one:
Try to read this number 0.25:
Before starting reading the decimal number,
remember the position of the last one:
Then, read the number as if it was a cardinal number
and say the position of the last one:
Try to read this number 0.2:
Before starting reading the decimal number,
remember the position of the last one:
Then, read the number as if it was a cardinal number
and say the position of the last one:
Decimals are read like this:
0.X – tenth(s)
0.0X – hundredth(s)
0.00X – thousandth(s)
0.000X – ten thousandth(s)
0.0000X – hundred thousandth(s)
0.00000X - millionth(s)
All decimals follow the singular-plural system for English nouns: the number is spoken as the digit followed by the name of the decimal (with any decimal larger than one) taking the plural –s marker.
A period is placed between the whole number and the decimal. For example:
0.1 – one tenth
0.2 – two tenths
0.01 – one hundredth, one one-hundredth
0.33 – thirty-three hundredths
0.001 – one thousandths, one one thousandth
0.654321 – six hundred fifty-four thousand three hundred twenty-one millionths
Decimals may also be spoken as whole number-point-digits. Zeros are spoken as zero or oh. For example:
0.1 – point one, zero point one, oh point one
1.25 – one point two five
6.425 – six point four two five
2.1368 two point one three six eight
1.057 – one point oh five seven
4.0098 – four point zero zero nine eight
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WRITING
You have an English friend. He has just arrived in Spain a week ago. He wants to open a bank account, exchange some money and also ask for a loan, but he doesn't know anything about how it works in Spain. Send him an e-mail and explain him anything you consider he should know about it. Try to include:
· how to open a bank account
· types of bank accounts
· the documents he needs to open it
· services the bank may offer him or charges when opening a bank account (e.g. types of cards, interest)
You have an English friend. He has just arrived in Spain a week ago. He wants to open a bank account, exchange some money and also ask for a loan, but he doesn't know anything about how it works in Spain. Send him an e-mail and explain him anything you consider he should know about it. Try to include:
· how to open a bank account
· types of bank accounts
· the documents he needs to open it
· services the bank may offer him or charges when opening a bank account (e.g. types of cards, interest)