UNIT 2B
1. VOCABULARY
Shops and services
Phrasal verbs related to shops and shopping
- open up/ close down
- look (a)round
- try on
- look for
- to be out of
- to have in stock
- Mot other shops are simply the word + shop e.g. phone shop, pet shop, shoe shop, etc.
- You can buy medicines and things like cosmetics at a chemist's in the UK. In the US there are two kinds of shops:
- You can buy medicines and things like cosmetics at a chemist's in the UK. In the US there are two kinds of shops:
- Pharmacies- which sell medicines
- Drugstores- which sell medicines and other things. (Nowadays, you can see both in the UK)
2. LISTENING & SPEAKING
Watch the following video and answer the questions
Watch the following video and answer the questions
1. Which of these services is NOT mentioned in the video?
a. valet parking
b. a concierge service
c. personal shoppers
d. a hands- free shopping service
2. The shops in Westfield centre are...
a. the video doesn't say
b. a mixture of high street stores and top end brands
c. high street stores
d. exclusive designer stores
3. Where is the Westfield centre?
a. Kensington
b. Marble Arch
c. Shepherds Bush
d. Regent Street
4. How many different places are there to eat in the shopping centre?
a. 20
b. 30
c. over 40
d. over 50
5. How many public stations are there nearby?
a. five train stations and two bus stations
b. two train stations and five bus stations
c. two train stations and four bus stations
d. five train stations and five bus stations
Answers:
1. c 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. a
a. valet parking
b. a concierge service
c. personal shoppers
d. a hands- free shopping service
2. The shops in Westfield centre are...
a. the video doesn't say
b. a mixture of high street stores and top end brands
c. high street stores
d. exclusive designer stores
3. Where is the Westfield centre?
a. Kensington
b. Marble Arch
c. Shepherds Bush
d. Regent Street
4. How many different places are there to eat in the shopping centre?
a. 20
b. 30
c. over 40
d. over 50
5. How many public stations are there nearby?
a. five train stations and two bus stations
b. two train stations and five bus stations
c. two train stations and four bus stations
d. five train stations and five bus stations
Answers:
1. c 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. a
SPEAKING
When describing an interesting town or city in your country that tourists might enjoy. You should say
Example: 'Anyone who comes to my country really should spend some time in Barcelona … it’s a beautiful place … it’s not what you would call a sprawling city … it’s quite compact really and you could walk across the city in a couple of hours … but there’s no need to do that as we have a fantastic public transport system so it’s easy to get around … there are various districts all with their own character … you have the upmarket shops in the centre … you’ll find lots of chain stores you’ll recognize from your own country but also local brands as well … we have the narrow streets in the Gothic district with lots of fashionable boutiques and tourist attractions … there’s the Olympic area and the beaches along the coast … and dotted around the city are some lovely public spaces … parks and squares in the city centre and on the outskirts of Barcelona where people relax with their friends and family … and of course pavement cafes everywhere … all that and some great historical places of interest … so a great destination for tourists …'
When describing an interesting town or city in your country that tourists might enjoy. You should say
- what the place is called
- where the place is
- what the facilities are like
- and say why visitors might enjoy going there.
Example: 'Anyone who comes to my country really should spend some time in Barcelona … it’s a beautiful place … it’s not what you would call a sprawling city … it’s quite compact really and you could walk across the city in a couple of hours … but there’s no need to do that as we have a fantastic public transport system so it’s easy to get around … there are various districts all with their own character … you have the upmarket shops in the centre … you’ll find lots of chain stores you’ll recognize from your own country but also local brands as well … we have the narrow streets in the Gothic district with lots of fashionable boutiques and tourist attractions … there’s the Olympic area and the beaches along the coast … and dotted around the city are some lovely public spaces … parks and squares in the city centre and on the outskirts of Barcelona where people relax with their friends and family … and of course pavement cafes everywhere … all that and some great historical places of interest … so a great destination for tourists …'
Related vocabulary
- boarded up shops: shops that are no longer doing business
- chain stores: well-known brands with shops in multiple cities
- to close down: to stop doing business
- fashionable boutiques: fashionable clothes shops
- to get around: to travel around
- high-rise flats: multi-floors apartments
- inner-city: the central part of a city where people live and where condidions are often poor
- in the suburbs: the outer area of large towns and cities where people live
- lively bars/restaurants: bars or restaurants with a good atmosphere
- local facilities: local buildings or services serving the public
- multi-story car parks: car parks on several floors
- office block: a large building that contains offices
- out of town shopping centre/retail park: large shopping centres outside of the town or city
- pavement cafe: cafes with tables outside on the pavement
- places of interest: buildings that have a particular interest for visitors
- poor housing: housing that is not in good condition
- public spaces: areas in a town or city that are open to the public
- public transport system: public vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on fixed routes
- residential area: an area where people live
- run down: old and of a poor standard
- shopping centre: an area consisting of multiple shops
- shopping malls: large indoor shopping centres
- sprawling city: a city that has grown over time and which covers a wide area
- tourist attraction: a place of interest to tourists
- traffic congestion: heavy traffic making it difficult to move around a town or city
- upmarket shops: expensive fashionable shops
From: ieltsspeaking.co.uk
3. GRAMMAR
Possessives
1. To show possession after the names of people (also relatives) and animals:
E.g. · Did you take Tom's shoes? / This is Rob's sister.
· Have you seen the dog's toy?
2. To show that something belongs to or is associated with a group of people, an institution or an organization:
· What do you think of the government's plans for education reform?
· What is your government's policy?
· The professors are preparing the university's exams.
· The meeting is at the Democratic Party's headquarters.
· He runs the foreign exchange desk for the bank's corporate clients.
3. If a name ends with -s, we usually keep the 's.
- I borrowed Chris's car. (pronounced /iz/)
- I saw Antonio Banderas's film yesterday.
Nowadays some people use both, with and without 's after a person's name:- I borrowed Chris's car. / I borrowed Chris' car. (both are pronounced /iz/)
- I saw Antonio Banderas's film yesterday. / I saw Antonio Banderas' film yesterday.
4. Regular plurals: after a plural noun ending in -s, we make the possessive with a final ' (but no extra s)
- I found the girls' pencils.
- This is a photo of my parents' house.
5. Irregular plural: after an irregular plural not ending in -s, we make the possessive with 's.
- Those are the children's toys.
6. People's houses: We can use name/person + 's to mean that person's house or flat.
- We are going to Tom's tomorrow. (=flat / house)
- We are going to my uncle's tomorrow. (=flat / house)
7. When you are talking about two things of the same type which belong to different people.
- His pencil is smaller than Susan's. (pencil)
8. · Many shops and businesses:
- Let's go to McDonald's!
- I'm going to the dentist's tomorrow. (to the consulting room) (Nowadays people sometimes drop the 's: I'm going to the dentist)
· the hairdresser's (salon)
· the chemist's (pharmacy)
9. ·After nouns and names referring to places to specify something in that place:
- The city's population is in decline.
- That's Britain's most famous company.
- She is the mayor of the country's biggest city.
10. 's after to names:
- they share the 's if they both share the possession.
- they don't share the 's if they don't share the possession.
- We saw John and Ann's parents. (= John and Ann are brother and sister, so we saw their parents)
- We saw Sam's and Tom's parents. (= We saw Sam's parents and also Tom's parents, so their don't share the same parents)
11. with time expressions and holidays
· A Day's Wait (un día de espera)
· Halloween's Day
12. sometimes added to a noun referring to an object when specifying a part of it or a quality or feature that it has.
- I like the car's design.
- You can predict a computer's behaviour because it follows rules.
The use of "of":
1. with other nouns (not people or animals), often use of.
- What's the name of the street where his school is?
- They always sit at the back of the bus.
- I've lost the top of the shampoo bottle.
2. we often use noun + of + possessive pronoun or name / noun + 's after a/an or this/that, not 's.
- That girl over there is a friend of mine. (NOT of my)
- This is an interesting book of Tom's. (This is Tom's book NOT This is a Tom's interesting book)
- Tell me about this plan of theirs. (NOT of them)
- Where's that wife of yours?
Prepositional phrase: of + 's:
1.when you are talking about one of a number of things that belong to someone or are associated with them, rather than about something unique:
- Tom, a friend of Jane's, was here yesterday.
- That song was a favourite of your brother's.
own:
· noun
to emphasize that something belongs or relates to a particular person and nobody else:
- I finally have my own business.
- This is my book, go and take your own.
- This cake shop sells its own cakes.
· verb= possess
Possessives
1. To show possession after the names of people (also relatives) and animals:
E.g. · Did you take Tom's shoes? / This is Rob's sister.
· Have you seen the dog's toy?
2. To show that something belongs to or is associated with a group of people, an institution or an organization:
· What do you think of the government's plans for education reform?
· What is your government's policy?
· The professors are preparing the university's exams.
· The meeting is at the Democratic Party's headquarters.
· He runs the foreign exchange desk for the bank's corporate clients.
3. If a name ends with -s, we usually keep the 's.
- I borrowed Chris's car. (pronounced /iz/)
- I saw Antonio Banderas's film yesterday.
Nowadays some people use both, with and without 's after a person's name:- I borrowed Chris's car. / I borrowed Chris' car. (both are pronounced /iz/)
- I saw Antonio Banderas's film yesterday. / I saw Antonio Banderas' film yesterday.
4. Regular plurals: after a plural noun ending in -s, we make the possessive with a final ' (but no extra s)
- I found the girls' pencils.
- This is a photo of my parents' house.
5. Irregular plural: after an irregular plural not ending in -s, we make the possessive with 's.
- Those are the children's toys.
6. People's houses: We can use name/person + 's to mean that person's house or flat.
- We are going to Tom's tomorrow. (=flat / house)
- We are going to my uncle's tomorrow. (=flat / house)
7. When you are talking about two things of the same type which belong to different people.
- His pencil is smaller than Susan's. (pencil)
8. · Many shops and businesses:
- Let's go to McDonald's!
- I'm going to the dentist's tomorrow. (to the consulting room) (Nowadays people sometimes drop the 's: I'm going to the dentist)
· the hairdresser's (salon)
· the chemist's (pharmacy)
9. ·After nouns and names referring to places to specify something in that place:
- The city's population is in decline.
- That's Britain's most famous company.
- She is the mayor of the country's biggest city.
10. 's after to names:
- they share the 's if they both share the possession.
- they don't share the 's if they don't share the possession.
- We saw John and Ann's parents. (= John and Ann are brother and sister, so we saw their parents)
- We saw Sam's and Tom's parents. (= We saw Sam's parents and also Tom's parents, so their don't share the same parents)
11. with time expressions and holidays
· A Day's Wait (un día de espera)
· Halloween's Day
12. sometimes added to a noun referring to an object when specifying a part of it or a quality or feature that it has.
- I like the car's design.
- You can predict a computer's behaviour because it follows rules.
The use of "of":
1. with other nouns (not people or animals), often use of.
- What's the name of the street where his school is?
- They always sit at the back of the bus.
- I've lost the top of the shampoo bottle.
2. we often use noun + of + possessive pronoun or name / noun + 's after a/an or this/that, not 's.
- That girl over there is a friend of mine. (NOT of my)
- This is an interesting book of Tom's. (This is Tom's book NOT This is a Tom's interesting book)
- Tell me about this plan of theirs. (NOT of them)
- Where's that wife of yours?
Prepositional phrase: of + 's:
1.when you are talking about one of a number of things that belong to someone or are associated with them, rather than about something unique:
- Tom, a friend of Jane's, was here yesterday.
- That song was a favourite of your brother's.
own:
· noun
to emphasize that something belongs or relates to a particular person and nobody else:
- I finally have my own business.
- This is my book, go and take your own.
- This cake shop sells its own cakes.
· verb= possess
4. PRONUNCIATION
s´linking
-s /s/ /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/ (unvoiced consonants) -s /z/
vowels, /b/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /v/ (voiced consonants) -es /iz/ /s/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /ʃ/, /x/, /tʃ/ |
PLURAL NOUNS
caps /ps/ cats /ts/ books /ks/ roof /fs/ month /θs/ keys /iz/ - boys /iz/ - countries /iz/ - babies /iz/ - flies /iz/
beds /dz/ dogs /gz/ stoves /vz/ rooms /mz/ places /siz/ - gases /siz/ - glasses /siz/
noses /ziz/ judges /dʒiz/ brushes /ʃiz/ watches /tʃiz/ boxes /xiz/ |
VERBS
stops /ps/ eats /ts/ cooks /ks/ - speaks /ks/ - drinks /ks/ - likes /ks/ laughs /fs/ does /ʌz/- studies /iz/ - plays /iz/ - goes /uz/ grabs /bz/ lids /dz/ digs /gz/ fails /lz/ comes /mz/ earns /nz/ - rains /nz/ wears /rz/ loves /vz/ - lives /vz/ places /siz/ - gases /siz/ - glasses /siz/
noses /ziz/ judges /dʒiz/ brushes /ʃiz/ watches /tʃiz/ boxes /xiz/ |
· Linking:
consonant + vowel: a word ending in consonant is followed by a word beginning with a vowel
· his own
consonant + the same consonant: a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word beginning with the same consotant
· not to
· some milk
consonant + vowel: a word ending in consonant is followed by a word beginning with a vowel
· his own
consonant + the same consonant: a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word beginning with the same consotant
· not to
· some milk
5. READING
Click on the following image to find out more about a UK shopping site.