unit 6a
DIY: Refers to the activity of making repairing and decorating things in the home yourself, instead of paying somebody to do it for you.
Things that you can do at home:
Things that you can do at home:
1. VOCABULARY
DIY and repairs
In a shed: tools and other things for repairs/ In a drawer: Useful things around the house
Verbs Phrases
SYNONYMS: We can use fix, mend or repair to talk about making something broken OK again.
2. LISTENING & SPEAKING
IKEA = a Swedish store which sells self-assembly furniture.
You learnt how to pronounce IKEA /aikia/ in: Intermediate 2 Unit 1
The letters "I" and "K" stand for the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, the company's founder, the letter "E" is for Elmtaryd, the farm where Ingvar Kamprad grew up, and "A" is for Agunnaryd, the name of a village near his hometown.
http://www.ikea.com
You learnt how to pronounce IKEA /aikia/ in: Intermediate 2 Unit 1
The letters "I" and "K" stand for the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, the company's founder, the letter "E" is for Elmtaryd, the farm where Ingvar Kamprad grew up, and "A" is for Agunnaryd, the name of a village near his hometown.
http://www.ikea.com
FURNITURE you can find in IKEA:
· appliance(s) (=electrodomésticos)
· bedroom
· bookshelves
· cupboard
· table
· wardrobe
Verbs:
· to assemble = to put something together
· to be handy= (habilidoso)
· to get something to fit e.g.to get something to fit through the door
· to put a piece of furniture together
· to take furniture to pieces = to separate
· appliance(s) (=electrodomésticos)
· bedroom
· bookshelves
· cupboard
· table
· wardrobe
Verbs:
· to assemble = to put something together
· to be handy= (habilidoso)
· to get something to fit e.g.to get something to fit through the door
· to put a piece of furniture together
· to take furniture to pieces = to separate
4. READING & SPEAKING
VERBS
Martha Steward teaches you how to DIY several things
5. GRAMMAR
Modals of obligation, necessity, prohibition and advice
Remember that you studied the modals in Basic 2: Unit 6D
Basic 2: Unit 5C
Intermediate 1: Unit 3B
Intermediate 1: Unit 4B
Remember that you studied the modals in Basic 2: Unit 6D
Basic 2: Unit 5C
Intermediate 1: Unit 3B
Intermediate 1: Unit 4B
If you want to revise the modals click on the following links.
6a_modal_verbs_obligation_necessity_prohibition_advice_(1).doc | |
File Size: | 47 kb |
File Type: | doc |
1. Obligation and necessity
HAVE TO:
It's used to talk about all kinds of obligation. We can use it in all tenses.
e.g. I had to wear a uniform at my school.
Have got to: We often use have got to instead of have to, e.g. Children have got to go to school.
MUST:
To talk about obligation. The meaning is similar to have to, but must is usually used when the speaker sees something as a personal obligation.
A typical mistake with must:
- saying to after must, e.g. I must to buy a new jacket.
NEED TO:
To talk about things that are necessary. It can be used in all tenses.
e.g. I need to go to the doctor's.
2. No obligation/ no necessity
DON'T HAVE TO:
When there is no obligation to do something.
e.g. You don't have to pay for the ticket because it's free.
You didn't have to shout, everybody could hear you perfectly well.
DON'T NEED TO:
When it is not necessary to do something.
Don't need to = external lack of necessity.
Needn't = a specific or one occasion permission.
e.g. You don't need to come to class on Saturday (the school is closed).
NEEDN'T+ BARE INFINITIVE (INF. WITHOUT 'TO'):
To say it's not necessary to do something.
Don't need to = external lack of necessity.
Needn't = a specific or one occasion permission.
Needn't and don't need to usually have the same meaning: You needn't cut the grass, I'll do it later. / You don't need to cut the grass, I'll do it later.
3. Prohibition
MUSTN'T:
Mustn't and can't mean the same thing, i.e. something is not allowed, though the prohibition is usually stronger with mustn't.
Remember that the first "t" in mustn't is silent /ˈmʌsnt/
A typical mistake with mustn't:
- confusing mustn't (prohibition) and don't have to (not necessary / not obligatory),
e.g. You mustn't eat anything you don't like (wrong) You don't have to eat anything you don't like (right).
You don't have to smoke here (wrong) You mustn't smoke here (right)
e.g. You mustn't park here, it's prohibited / You can't park here.
MUSTN'T:
Mustn't and can't mean the same thing, i.e. something is not allowed, though the prohibition is usually stronger with mustn't.
Remember that the first "t" in mustn't is silent /ˈmʌsnt/
A typical mistake with mustn't:
- confusing mustn't (prohibition) and don't have to (not necessary / not obligatory),
e.g. You mustn't eat anything you don't like (wrong) You don't have to eat anything you don't like (right).
You don't have to smoke here (wrong) You mustn't smoke here (right)
e.g. You mustn't park here, it's prohibited / You can't park here.
4. Advice
SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T
To give advice or to say what we think is the right thing for ourselves or for someone else to do.
Remember that the l in should /ʃʊd/ and shouldn't /ˈʃʊdnt/ is silent.
e.g. You shouldn't be late.
You should study more for you English exams
You shouldn't smoke that much.
OUGHT TO /ɔːt/ / OUGHTN'T TO/ˈɔːtənt/
To give advice.
The meaning is the same as should.
e.g. You ought to be on time for the meeting.
You oughtn't to eat so much junk food.
HAVE TO/ MUST
To give strong advice (when we think it's very important that someone does something).
e.g. You have to visit Rome, it's impressive!
You have to hand in your essay on Thursday.
You must go to the doctor's, you look terrible!
Pronunciation of Ought to
Pronunciation of oughtn't