UNIT 2A
1. VOCABULARY
Holidays
On holiday, I like ...
- climbing a mountain
- cycling- hacer ciclismo
- doing voluntary work
- driving- I like driving my car.
- going abroad- salir del país
I like going abroad with my parents.
- going away- salir de la ciudad (to the country, another town, ...)
I like going away with my family.
- going camping- ir / salir de acampada
- going cycling- ir a hacer ciclismo
- going for a walk- salir a dar un paseo / caminar
- going on holiday
- going out (at night)- salir (de casa) por la noche
I like going out (to restaurants / to a club ...) with my friends.
- going sailing- ir a navegar
- going shopping- going sightseeing
- going skiing- ir a esquiar
- going surfing
ir a surfear
- going to a hotel
- going to a campsite- ir a un campamento
- going to restarurants
- going to the beach- ir a la playa
Why don't we go to the beach?
- going to the cinema
- going to the countryside- ir al campo
This Sunday we will go to the countryside.
- going to the mountains- ir a la montaña
I prefer to go to the mountains.
- going walking- ir a caminar
- going swimming- ir a nadar
- having a good time- pasármelo bien
- having a massage- darme un masaje
- meeting friends- quedar con amigos
- playing
I like playing football
- reading
I like reading a book.
- running
- sailing- navegar
- seeing new places
- seeing the sights- ver los lugares turísticos
- shopping
- sitting in nature- sentarme en la naturaleza
- skiing- esquiar
- sleeping
- surfing- surfear
- sunbathing (on the beach)- tomar el sol en la playa
- swimming- nadar
- travelling by boat- viajar en barco
I like travelling by boat.
- travelling by bus- viajar en autobús
Travelling by bus can be cheapper than travelling by car.
- travelling by car- viajar en coche
My mother always wants to travel by car, because she likes driving.
- travelling by plane- viajar en avión
I've never travelled by plane.
- travelling by train- viajar en tren
Travelling by train is very comfortable.
- travelling abroad- viajar al extranjero
Have you ever travelled abroad?
- visiting relatives- visitar parientes
- visiting museums and art galleries
- walking- caminar
- watching the stars/ glazing the stars- ver las estrellas.
- watching the sunset- ver el atardecer
Remeber that you studied the verb like + Vb. -ing
rent = hire
rent
for a longer period of time: you rent a flat, an apartment, ...
hire
for a short time: you hire skis, a bike, a boat, ...
With a car you can use hire or rent.
rent
for a longer period of time: you rent a flat, an apartment, ...
hire
for a short time: you hire skis, a bike, a boat, ...
With a car you can use hire or rent.
3. LISTENING
If you want to practice more listening activities, click on the following link:
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/elementary-podcasts/series-01-episode-01
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/elementary-podcasts/series-01-episode-01
Click on the link to do more activities.
http://www.examenglish.com/PTE/listening3.php
http://www.examenglish.com/PTE/listening3.php
4. GRAMMAR
· was / were
You learnt was / were in Básico 1
· was / were
You learnt was / were in Básico 1
VERB TO BE IN THE PAST
I was |
I wasn't |
Was I...? |
Yes, I was |
No, I wasn't |
you were |
you weren't |
Were you...? |
Yes, you were |
No, you weren't |
he was |
he wasn't |
Was he...? |
Yes, he was |
No, he wasn't |
she was |
she wasn't |
Was she...? |
Yes, she was |
No, she wasn't |
it was |
it wasn't |
Was it...? |
Yes, it was |
No, it wasn't |
we were |
we weren't |
Were we...? |
Yes, we were |
No, we weren't |
you were |
you weren't |
Were you...? |
Yes, you were |
No, you weren't |
they were |
they weren't |
Were they...? |
Yes, they were |
No, they weren't |
was / were is used to talk about recent and distant completed actions in the past, e.g. I was sad this morning; Caesar was a Roman Emperor.
· Past Simple regular verbs
You learnt the past simple regular verbs in Básico 1
The past simple is used for completed actions in the past, both distant and recent.
The form of regular past simple verb is very easy.
· There isn't a third person change. All verbs end in -ed.
Past Simple
I wanted
You wanted
He wanted
She wanted
It wanted
We wanted
You wanted
They wanted
I didn't want
You didn't want
He didn't want
She didn't want
It didn't want
We didn't want
You didn't want
They didn't want
Did I want ...?
Did he want ...?
Did she want ...?
Did it want ...?
Did we want ...?
Did you want ...?
Did they want ...?
Yes, I did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, I didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, he didn't.
No, she didn't.
No, it didn't.
No, we didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, they didn't.
You learnt the past simple regular verbs in Básico 1
The past simple is used for completed actions in the past, both distant and recent.
The form of regular past simple verb is very easy.
· There isn't a third person change. All verbs end in -ed.
Past Simple
I wanted
You wanted
He wanted
She wanted
It wanted
We wanted
You wanted
They wanted
I didn't want
You didn't want
He didn't want
She didn't want
It didn't want
We didn't want
You didn't want
They didn't want
Did I want ...?
Did he want ...?
Did she want ...?
Did it want ...?
Did we want ...?
Did you want ...?
Did they want ...?
Yes, I did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, I didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, he didn't.
No, she didn't.
No, it didn't.
No, we didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, they didn't.
· Past Simple irregular verbs
You learnt the past simple irregular verbs in Básico 1
Irregular verbs are only irregular in the affirmative. In questions and negatives, as with regular verbs, he infinitive is used after did / didn't.
Past Simple
I bought
You bought
He bought
She bought
It bought
We bought
You bought
They bought
I didn't buy
You didn't buy
He didn't buy
She didn't buy
It didn't buy
We didn't buy
You didn't buy
They didn't buy
Did I buy ...?
Did you buy ...?
Did he buy ...?
Did she buy ...?
Did it buy ...?
Did we buy ...?
Did you buy ...?
Did they buy ...?
Yes, I did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, I didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, he didn't.
No, she didn't.
No, it didn't.
No, we didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, they didn't.
You learnt the past simple irregular verbs in Básico 1
Irregular verbs are only irregular in the affirmative. In questions and negatives, as with regular verbs, he infinitive is used after did / didn't.
Past Simple
I bought
You bought
He bought
She bought
It bought
We bought
You bought
They bought
I didn't buy
You didn't buy
He didn't buy
She didn't buy
It didn't buy
We didn't buy
You didn't buy
They didn't buy
Did I buy ...?
Did you buy ...?
Did he buy ...?
Did she buy ...?
Did it buy ...?
Did we buy ...?
Did you buy ...?
Did they buy ...?
Yes, I did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, I didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, he didn't.
No, she didn't.
No, it didn't.
No, we didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, they didn't.
List of irregular verbs
list-of-irregular-verbs-1-638.jpg | |
File Size: | 141 kb |
File Type: | jpg |
2a_list_of_irregular_verbs.doc | |
File Size: | 96 kb |
File Type: | doc |
COULD/ COULDN'T
I could
you could he could she could it could we could you could they could |
I couldn't
you couldn't he couldn't she couldn't it couldn't we couldn't you couldn't they couldn't |
Could I...?
Could you...? Could he...? Could she...? Could it...? Could we...? Could you...? Could they...? |
Could is a modal verb so it doesn't use auxiliaries. Could you play the piano? NOT Did you can play ...?
Could / couldn't don't change in the third person singular:
5. PRONUNCIATION
Past Simple of Regular Verbs Pronunciation
1. unvoiced ending (/k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/) + -ed = /t/
2. voiced ending (all the rest not included in 1. or 3.) + -ed = /d/
3. /d/ or /t/ ending + -ed /ɪd/
1.
/k/ - book
/k/ - ask
/k/ - bake
booked
asked
baked
/p/ - drop
/p/ - stop
/p/ - hope
/p/ - escape
dropped
stopped
hoped
escaped
/f/ - laugh
laughed
/ʃ/ - wash
washed
/s/ - pass
/s/ - relax
/s/ - miss
passed
relaxed
missed
/tʃ/ - watch
watched(/n/)
2.
(/l/) - travel
(/l/) - call
travelled
called
- learn(/n/) - listen
learned
listened
(/r/) - honor
honored
(/v/) arrive
(/v/) - live
arrived
lived
(/ð/) - breathe
breathed
(/ʒ/) change
changed
(/z/) - please
pleased
(/i/) - play
played
(/ʊ/) - show
showed
(/b/) - grab
grabed
(/g/) - hug
huged
3.
/d/ - need
/d/ - attend
/d/ - decide
needed
attended
decided
/t/ - want
/t/ - arrest
/t/ - chat
/t/ - hate
wanted
arrested
chatted
hated
The difference between 1. and 2. is very small and can only be appreciated when a verb is said in isolation or is followed by a word beginning with a vowel, e.g. I liked it.
Voiced and unvoiced consonants:
Voiced consonants sounds are made in the throat by vibrating the vocal chords, e.g. /b/, /l/, /m/, /v/, etc.
Unvoiced consonant sounds are made in the mouth without vibration in the mouth, e.g. /p/, /k/, /t/, /s/, etc.
Hold one of your hands against your throat. You should feel a vibration in your throat when you pronounce the voiced sounds, but not for unvoiced sounds.
2. voiced ending (all the rest not included in 1. or 3.) + -ed = /d/
3. /d/ or /t/ ending + -ed /ɪd/
1.
/k/ - book
/k/ - ask
/k/ - bake
booked
asked
baked
/p/ - drop
/p/ - stop
/p/ - hope
/p/ - escape
dropped
stopped
hoped
escaped
/f/ - laugh
laughed
/ʃ/ - wash
washed
/s/ - pass
/s/ - relax
/s/ - miss
passed
relaxed
missed
/tʃ/ - watch
watched(/n/)
2.
(/l/) - travel
(/l/) - call
travelled
called
- learn(/n/) - listen
learned
listened
(/r/) - honor
honored
(/v/) arrive
(/v/) - live
arrived
lived
(/ð/) - breathe
breathed
(/ʒ/) change
changed
(/z/) - please
pleased
(/i/) - play
played
(/ʊ/) - show
showed
(/b/) - grab
grabed
(/g/) - hug
huged
3.
/d/ - need
/d/ - attend
/d/ - decide
needed
attended
decided
/t/ - want
/t/ - arrest
/t/ - chat
/t/ - hate
wanted
arrested
chatted
hated
The difference between 1. and 2. is very small and can only be appreciated when a verb is said in isolation or is followed by a word beginning with a vowel, e.g. I liked it.
Voiced and unvoiced consonants:
Voiced consonants sounds are made in the throat by vibrating the vocal chords, e.g. /b/, /l/, /m/, /v/, etc.
Unvoiced consonant sounds are made in the mouth without vibration in the mouth, e.g. /p/, /k/, /t/, /s/, etc.
Hold one of your hands against your throat. You should feel a vibration in your throat when you pronounce the voiced sounds, but not for unvoiced sounds.
6. SPEAKING
1. Where did you go?
I went to ...
2. When did you go?
I went in ...
3. Who did you go with?
I went with ...
4. How did you get there?
I went by ...
5. Where did you stay?
I stayed (in) ...
6. How long were you there?
I was there for ...
7. What was the weather like?
It was ...
8. What did you do during the day?
During the day, I ...
9. What did you do in the evening?
In the evening, I ...
10. Did you buy any souvenirs?
Yes, I did. I bought ... / No, I didn't
I went to ...
2. When did you go?
I went in ...
3. Who did you go with?
I went with ...
4. How did you get there?
I went by ...
5. Where did you stay?
I stayed (in) ...
6. How long were you there?
I was there for ...
7. What was the weather like?
It was ...
8. What did you do during the day?
During the day, I ...
9. What did you do in the evening?
In the evening, I ...
10. Did you buy any souvenirs?
Yes, I did. I bought ... / No, I didn't
Useful language for showing interest
+
Really? / Wow! / Fantastic! / Great! / Amazing! / Unbelievable!
-
Oh no! / How awful!/ How horrible!
?
Was it expensive? / Why? / What happened? / Is that right?
Practice with this conversation at home:
A: I went to London on holiday last year. It's a very beautiful city.
B: (Show interest.)
A: Yes. The city is very big, it has lots of museums and other places to visit.
B: (Show interest.)
A: The place I liked the most was the Buckingham Palace. It's huge and very luxurious. A book said it has 775 rooms.
B: (Show interest.)
A: Yes, but there is something I didn't like about London, everything is very expensive.
B: (Show interest.)
A: It's true. I wanted to buy a mug for my sister and it was 12 euros. Isn't it crazy?
B: (Show interest.)
A: So I decided to buy just a postcard.
B: (Show interest.)
+
Really? / Wow! / Fantastic! / Great! / Amazing! / Unbelievable!
-
Oh no! / How awful!/ How horrible!
?
Was it expensive? / Why? / What happened? / Is that right?
Practice with this conversation at home:
A: I went to London on holiday last year. It's a very beautiful city.
B: (Show interest.)
A: Yes. The city is very big, it has lots of museums and other places to visit.
B: (Show interest.)
A: The place I liked the most was the Buckingham Palace. It's huge and very luxurious. A book said it has 775 rooms.
B: (Show interest.)
A: Yes, but there is something I didn't like about London, everything is very expensive.
B: (Show interest.)
A: It's true. I wanted to buy a mug for my sister and it was 12 euros. Isn't it crazy?
B: (Show interest.)
A: So I decided to buy just a postcard.
B: (Show interest.)