unit 5b
1. VOCABULARY & SPEAKING
play
play a game:
I play football.
play an instrument:
I play the guitar.
play music:
I play my favourite music on my CD player.
I play my favourite music on my iPod.
My neighbours play loud music.
play
play a game:
I play football.
play an instrument:
I play the guitar.
play music:
I play my favourite music on my CD player.
I play my favourite music on my iPod.
My neighbours play loud music.
see / look at / watch
See = to ‘see’ something that comes into our sight that we weren’t looking for.
Did you see that bird? (I wasn’t looking for it, it just appeared.)
‘I saw you driving to work today.’
Look at = to look at something for a reason, with an intention.
‘Look at that strange man.’
‘Look at the pictures I took on holiday.’
Watch = to look at something carefully, usually at something which is moving.
‘Watch TV’ (the TV doesn’t move, but you watch the moving images carefully.)
‘Watch here you are going! You almost stepped on my foot!’
Did you see that bird? (I wasn’t looking for it, it just appeared.)
‘I saw you driving to work today.’
Look at = to look at something for a reason, with an intention.
‘Look at that strange man.’
‘Look at the pictures I took on holiday.’
Watch = to look at something carefully, usually at something which is moving.
‘Watch TV’ (the TV doesn’t move, but you watch the moving images carefully.)
‘Watch here you are going! You almost stepped on my foot!’
say / speak / talk / tell
Remember these uses:
· talk + preposition: Talk to me. / He talked to me.
· tell + preposition: Tell me. / He told me.
· say + preposition: He said to me. / My parents often say to me "You should study more".
speak (more formal)
to somebody (eg. Speak to me)
with somebody (eg. Speak with me)
eg. speak fluently, speak slowly
eg. speak English, speak Russian
talk (more colloquial)
to somebody (eg. Talk to me)
with somebody (eg. Talk with me)
Speak to or talk to may imply superiority or reprimanding, eg. A teacher wants to speak (talk) to you. / My father wants to speak (talk) with me.
say + noun,
eg. He said something to her.
say + a clause (that)
eg. The said that he can't go to the party.
tell somebody (about / of) something
He always tells me about his future plans.
tell something to somebody
e.g. They tell a story to their son; He tells secrets to everybody; I tell a joke to a friend.
tell somebody that
e.g. I always tell her that she can come to my house.
tell somebody + infinitive (to do)
e.g. I always tell him to be nice.
You may use the preposition about with speak, talk and tell:
about : speak about something / talk about something / tell about something.
Remember these uses:
· talk + preposition: Talk to me. / He talked to me.
· tell + preposition: Tell me. / He told me.
· say + preposition: He said to me. / My parents often say to me "You should study more".
speak (more formal)
to somebody (eg. Speak to me)
with somebody (eg. Speak with me)
eg. speak fluently, speak slowly
eg. speak English, speak Russian
talk (more colloquial)
to somebody (eg. Talk to me)
with somebody (eg. Talk with me)
Speak to or talk to may imply superiority or reprimanding, eg. A teacher wants to speak (talk) to you. / My father wants to speak (talk) with me.
say + noun,
eg. He said something to her.
say + a clause (that)
eg. The said that he can't go to the party.
tell somebody (about / of) something
He always tells me about his future plans.
tell something to somebody
e.g. They tell a story to their son; He tells secrets to everybody; I tell a joke to a friend.
tell somebody that
e.g. I always tell her that she can come to my house.
tell somebody + infinitive (to do)
e.g. I always tell him to be nice.
You may use the preposition about with speak, talk and tell:
about : speak about something / talk about something / tell about something.
More confusing verbs:
TAKE/ GET
MAKE/ DO
2. GRAMMAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
Use of the present continuous:
- For things happening now, at the moment of speaking
A common mistake is using the present simple, not the continuous for things which are happening now,
e.g. What do you do here? (WRONG).
What are you doing here? (RIGHT)
Form
I am talking.
I'm not talking.
Am I talking?
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
You are talking.
You aren't talking.
Are you talking?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
He is talking.
He isn't talking.
Is he talking?
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
She is talking.
She isn't talking.
Is she talking?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
It is talking.
It isn't talking.
Is it talking?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
We are talking.
We aren't talking.
Are we talking?
Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.
You are talking.
You aren't talking.
Are you talking?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
They are talking.
They aren't talking.
Are they talking?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
You can find these expressions in the present continuous:
· now, e.g. I'm singing now.
· right now, She's running right now.
· at the moment, They are studying at the moment.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
Use of the present continuous:
- For things happening now, at the moment of speaking
A common mistake is using the present simple, not the continuous for things which are happening now,
e.g. What do you do here? (WRONG).
What are you doing here? (RIGHT)
Form
I am talking.
I'm not talking.
Am I talking?
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
You are talking.
You aren't talking.
Are you talking?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
He is talking.
He isn't talking.
Is he talking?
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
She is talking.
She isn't talking.
Is she talking?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
It is talking.
It isn't talking.
Is it talking?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
We are talking.
We aren't talking.
Are we talking?
Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.
You are talking.
You aren't talking.
Are you talking?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
They are talking.
They aren't talking.
Are they talking?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
You can find these expressions in the present continuous:
· now, e.g. I'm singing now.
· right now, She's running right now.
· at the moment, They are studying at the moment.
The 3 basic spelling rules to write the continuous form (gerund) are:
1. infinitive form + -ing: be > being, go > going, send > sending, ...
2. mono-syllabic verbs (ending in consonant + vowel + consonant) double the final consonant + -ing: sit > sitting, get > getting, swim > swimming, ...
3. verbs ending in -e + -ing: have > having, live > living, write > writing, ...
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